Mukaddimah
News is acceptable when viewed from the side of the divided differences in the levels of two principal classifications , namely Saheeh and Hasan . Each of the two divides into two further classifications , namely Li and Li Ghairihi Dzâtihi .
Thus , the classification received news this into 4 sections , namely :
1 . Saheeh Li Dzâtihi ( Saheeh independently )
2 . Hasan Li Dzâtihi ( Hasan independently )
3 . Saheeh Li Ghairihi ( Saheeh because others / history of supporting )
4 . Hasan Li Ghairihi ( Hasan due to others / history of supporting )
In the study of this time , we will discuss about the first part above , namely Li Dzâtihi Saheeh ( Saheeh independently )
definition saheeh
In language ( etymology ) , word ( healthy ) is antonym of the word ( illness ) . When disclosed to the agency , then the actual meaning ( haqiqi ) but when expressed in the hadith and other notions , the only figurative meaning ( majaz ) .
In terms ( terminology ) , the meaning is :
Concatenated hadith sanad ( transmission lines ) through his narration of a chain of narration ' fair , Dlâbith , of narrators semisalnya up to the end ( end of transmission lines ) , with the absence of syudzûdz ( irregularities ) and also without ' illat ( disease )
explanation definition
- Sanad continued : That each series of the narrators have taken the narration directly from the transmitters on it ( previously ) from the beginning until the end sanad .
- Chain of narration ' Fair : Whereas each set of criteria the narrator has a Muslim , of legal age , intelligent , not fasiq nor maruah defects ( self-esteem ) her .
- Chain of narration Dlâbith : That each series of the narrators are people who on occasion steady / strong ( not forgetful ) , either steady or steady rote in the head in writing ( the book )
- Without Syudzûdz : That was not a hadith narrated hadith Syâdz category ( hadith narrated a history of conflict with the tsiqah more tsiqah him )
- Without ' illat : That was not a hadith narrated hadith Ma'lûl category ( that is ' illatnya ) . Meaning ' illat is a cause that is not clear / vague , hidden tarnished keshahihan a hadith though outwardly seem to avoid it .
Terms & Condition
Through the above definition it can be seen that the conditions that must be fulfilled keshahihan so he became a saheeh hadith there are five :
First , continued sanadnya
Second , the narrators ' Fair
Third, the narrator Dlâbith
All four , Not There ' illat
Fifth , there is no Syudzûdz
When one of the five conditions are not met, then the hadith is not called the hadeeth .
For example :
To get closer to understanding the definition of authentic hadith , it helps us give an example for it . Ie , hadith issued by Imam al - Bukhari in his book Saheeh al - Bukhâriy , he said :
( ' Abdullah bin Yusuf tells us , he said , Malik preached to us , from Ibn Shihab , from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut'im , from his father , he said , I have heard the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam had read the letter ath - Thur at Maghrib )
This hadeeth saheeh assessed as :
1 . Sanadnya continued , because each of the series of the narrators heard from Shaykh . While the use of wording ( of ) by Malik , Ibn Shihab and Ibn Jubair including ketersambungannya indicated because they were not narrators - classified as Mudallis narrators ( narrators who love obscure history ) .
2 . The narrator known as the people who ' Fair and Dlâbith . The following data on their properties as stated by the scholars of al - Jarh wa at - ta'dil :
a. ' Abdullah ibn Yusuf : tsiqah Mutqin
b . Anas bin Malik : Imam Hafiz
c . Ibn Shihab : Faqih , Hafiz agreed grandeur and perseverance they both
d . Muhammad bin Jubair : tsiqah
e . Mut'im bin Jubair : A Companions
3 . Absence of irregularities ( Syudzûdz ) because there is no history of him stronger .
4 . Absence of ' any illat .
The statute
Mandatory practice it according to the agreement ( ijma ' ) and the scholars of Hadith scholars Usul Fiqh and Fuqaha who have the capability for it . Thus , it can be used as proof of shari'ah which should not be given the opportunity for a Muslim not to practice it .
Hadith scholar phrase meaning " this Hadith Sahih" " This hadeeth is not saheeh "
1 . Referred to their saying " this Hadith Sahih" is that the five requirements above keshahihan have realized it, but in the same time , no means of ascertaining keshahihannya also because it could be a chain of narration tsiqah mistaken or forgotten .
2 . Referred to their speech " is not saheeh hadeeth " is that all of these five conditions have not been realized in part or him , but at the same time does not mean he could be a hoax because a lot of mistakes narrators who do right.
Is There Is Certainly The Sanad Sanad Most Saheeh In Absolute ?
Opinions are elected , can not be ascertained that certain sanad expressed as absolute most saheeh sanad because different levels of keshahihan was based on keshahihan conditions are met , while very rare terelasisasinya highest quality in all of the terms keshahihan . Therefore, it is better to refrain from stating that certain sanad is saheeh sanad most absolute . Nevertheless , some scholars have narrated statement on sanad - sanad which is considered the most authentic, when in fact , reinforce each priest thinks a stronger opinion .
Among the allegations stating that the narrations of the most authentically are :
1 . History az - Zuhriy of Salim from his father ( ' Abdullah bin ' Umar ; This is a statement that was quoted Ishaq and Imam Ahmad bin Rahawaih .
2 . History of Ibn Sirin ' Ubaidah of ' Aliy ( ibn Abi Talib ) ; This is a statement that was quoted from Ibn al - Madiniy and al - Fallas .
3 . History of Ibrahim al - A'masy of ' Alqamah of ' Abdullah ( bin Mas'ud ) ; This is a statement that was quoted by Yahya ibn Ma'in .
4 . History of az - Zuhriy ' Aliy of al - Husayn from his father from ' Aliy ; This is a statement that was quoted by Abu Bakr ibn Abi Syaibah .
5 . History Malik from Nafi ' from Ibn ' Umar ; This is a statement that was quoted from Imam al - Bukhariy .
The First Book Written And Only Loading Hadith Sahih Only
The first book of hadeeth contains only course is Sahih al - Bukhâriy , then Saheeh Muslim . Both are the most saheeh book after the Qur'an . Muslims have agreed ( ijma ' ) to accept both.
Where The Most Saheeh Among Both ?
The most authentically between them is Saheeh al - Bukhâriy , while he most faidahnya . This is because the hadith - hadith narrated by al - Bukhariy most connected and most tsiqah sanadnya the narrator . Also , because in it there is essence - the essence of jurisprudence and thread - wise utaian not found in Sahih Muslim .
This review is collective , because sometimes in the most hadith narrated by Imam Muslim is stronger than most of the hadiths of al - Bukhariy .
Even so , there is also the scholars who claim that Sahih Muslim is more authentic, but the correct opinion is the first opinion , ie Saheeh al - Saheeh Bukhâriy more .
Both Lists Are All Saheeh Hadeeth and Commitments It ?
Imam al - Bukhariy and Imam Muslim did not include all the hadith in Sahih them or commit to it . This is evident from pengakuana their own , like what was said by Imam Muslim , " Not all that I think I fit here is authentic , I fit just agreed upon . "
Are Just a Few More Saheeh Hadeeth Which They Could Not Fit Together ?
There are scholars who say that only a few are not loaded them from other saheeh ahaadeeth . However, the correct opinion is that a lot of other saheeh ahaadeeth which passed by them both . Imam al - Bukhariy himself admitted it when he said , " other saheeh ahaadeeth that I leave a lot more . "
He also said , " I memorized one hundred thousand authentic hadith and two hundred thousand hadith is not authentically . "
How many hadith contained in the Book of ash - Shahîhain ?
1 . Saheeh al - In 7275 there Bukhariy hadith including repeated , while the number of non- repeated hadith 4000 .
2 . Contained in the Sahih Muslim hadith including repeated 12,000 , while the number with no repeated approximately 4000 hadith as well .
Where We Get Hadith - Sahih Hadith Other Other Than Those Not Listed In The Book of ash - Shahîhain ?
We can get it on the books of the famous reliable as Saheeh Ibn Khuzaimah , Saheeh Ibn Hibban , Mustadrak al - Hakim , the Fourth Book of Sunan , Sunan ad- Dâruquthniy , Sunan al - Baihaqiy , and others .
Only the presence of hadith in the books is not enough , but there must be a statement on keshahihannya unless the books are indeed requires only issue a hadith that is authentic , as Saheeh Ibn Khuzaimah .
Regarding the Kitab al - Mustadrak by al - Hakim , Saheeh Ibn Khuzaimah and Saheeh Ibn Hibban
1 . The al- Mustadrak of al - Hakim
A thick book of hadith contains a saheeh hadeeth based on the requirements specified by the ash- Syaikhân ( al - Bukhari and Muslim ) or the requirements of any of them both while they have not issued such hadiths .
Likewise , al - Hakim load hadiths which he considered saheeh although not based on one of the requirements of both these hadith by Imam declared as saheeh hadeeth isnaad . Sometimes it also contains no saheeh hadeeth but it reminded him . He is known as the hadith scholars Mutasâhil ( which menggampang - gampangkan ) in the hadith keshahihan assessment .
Therefore , there should be monitoring ( follow-up ) and an assessment of the quality of his sayings are appropriate. Imam adh - Dhahabi has held a follow-up to it and give an assessment of his sayings are most appropriate. However , this book still needs to be done monitoring and full attention . ( One person also entered the monitoring and study of the hadiths that have not been given any judgment by Imam adh - Dzhabi and provide an assessment in accordance with the condition is Shaikh . Dr. . Mahmud Mirah - perhaps now been completed - )
2 . Saheeh Ibn Hibban
Systematics of writing this book is not neat ( ngacak ) , it is not structured per - chapter or per - Musnad . Hence , he named his book with " at - Taqâsîm Wa al - Anwa ' " ( Classification - Classification And Various Types ) . To find this hadith in his book very difficult. Even so , there are some scholars Muta ` akhkhirin ( such as Amir al - ' Ala ' ad-Din , Abu al - Hasan ' Ali ibn Bilban , w.739 H with the title of al - Ihsan fi Taqrîb Ibn Hibban ) that has put them under section - chapter .
Ibn Hibban Mutasâhil known as a scholar who is also on the judging keshahihan hadith but lighter than al - Hakim . ( Tadrib ar - Râwy : 1/109 )
3 . Saheeh Ibn Khuzaimah
This book is higher quality than the Saheeh Ibn Hibban keshahihannya because the author , Ibn Khuzaimah known for being very careful once . Because of his heart , he often abstained ( not pass judgment ) against a keshahihan hadith due to lack of conversation about sanadnya .
What are the Hadith is well confirmed authentic from Hadith - Hadith narrated by Imam al - Bukhari and Muslim ?
As we have mentioned earlier , that Imam al - Bukhari and Muslim did not load up on them in addition to the two Sahih hadith that is authentic and Muslims have received both books are full .
Therefore , what are the hadiths that have been authentically confirmed and accepted by the Muslims ?
He replied : That the hadith narrated by both the continued chain of transmission , it is confirmed is authentic .
While traditions are discarded at the beginning of the sanad ( the hadith trasmisi lane ) his one - person narrators or more named to the hadith al - Mu'allaq - where this type in the Saheeh of al - Bukhari bit much , but only in part tarjamah chapter ( chapter naming ) and muqaddimahnya course while at the core of the chapter does not exist at all . While in Saheeh Muslim , none of which type it is but one hadith only in the chapter about tayammum that he has not had time to connect sanadnya in another place of his book ; the hadiths that criteria such as this, the assessment and respond to them are as follows :
1 . Hadith narrated by al - Jazm shîghah ( figure of speech for sure ) , such as the expression ( Qala / say ) ; ( Amara / ordered ) and ( Dzakara / states ) ; then keshahihannya based on an assessment of the source ( people who ascribed to him ) . [ That is, if it is stated in the history , for example ( so and so said ) , then the meaning of these words is authentically sourced from so and so who said it ]
2 . Hadith narrated not by shîghah al - Jazm as the expression ( yurwa / narrated [ the present ] ) ; ( yudzkar / mentioned [ the present ] ) ; ( yuhka / dihikayatkan [ present ] ) ; ( ruwiya / narrated [ past] ) and ( dzukira / mentioned [ past] ) , then it means that the hadith can not be attributed keshahihannya from the source ( those attributed to him ) , but even so , no one in it is a weak hadith because he had published in the book called al- saheeh .
Depth saheeh
In the last section we have pointed out that most of the scholars have said about the sanad - sanad most authentically expressed as according to them . So , on that basis , and because of the fulfillment of the other requirements , it can be said that it is authentic hadith that has several levels :
A. Depth is most high when narrated with a saheeh isnaad most , like Malik from Nafi ' from Ibn ' Umar .
B. What is the level below , ie when narrated from Rijal pathway ( a series of narrators ) that capacity under the first chain of transmission capacity on the above Rijal like Hammad bin Salamah history of Thabit from Anas .
C. The following were again level , ie when the narrators narrated by narrators - proven expressed as transmitters of the most low - narrators tsiqah to their nicknames ( tsiqah lowest level ) , such as a history of Suhayl ibn Abi Salih from his father from Abu Hurayrah .
Details of the above can also be associated with the distribution of hadeeth to seven levels:
1 . Hadith which is narrated by al - Bukhari agreed and Muslim ( This is the highest level )
2 . Hadith narrated exclusively by al - Bukhari
3 . Hadith dirwayatkan exclusively by Muslims
4 . Hadith narrated by both requirements while not removing both
5 . Hadith narrated by al - Bukhari requirements while he does not remove it
6 . Hadith narrated by Muslim requirements while he does not remove it
7 . Hadith are considered saheeh by scholars such as Ibn besides both Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban that is not based on the requirements of both the hadith imam ( al - Bukhari and Muslim ) .
Requirements Definition of ash- Syaikhân
Actually , the two priests hadith , al - Bukhari and Muslim is never stated explicitly ( implicitly ) about the requirements required or prescribed by them both in addition to the requirements that have been agreed on in assessing the saheeh hadeeth in the previous discussion . However, the scholars of researchers through the process of monitoring ( follow-up ) and an analysis of the methods used by both of them can get what they perceive as the requirements set forth by both or one of the two.
It can be said that what is meant by the terms al- Syaikhân or one of the two is that the hadith narrated from the track let Rijal ( the narrators ) of both books or one of them by taking into account both the method used in the hadeeth narrated from them .
The word meaning " Agreed Alaih "
The point is that the hadith is agreed upon by both Imam hadith , al - Bukhari and Muslim , which they both upper keshahihannya deal , not the deal Muslims . However, Ibn al- Salah also enter into an agreement in the sense that it 's people because people have agreed to accept the hadiths that have been agreed upon by both. ( ' Ulum al -Hadith : 24 )
Is Rated Saheeh order , Hadith Hadith should be a ' Aziz ?
Hadith ' Aziz is the hadeeth narrated at every level periwayatannya ( thabaqat sanad ) is not less than two- person narrators . In this case , whether stated that a hadith is authentic, then the condition must at least narrated by no less than two narrators at each level periwayatannya ? .
Correct opinion , that it was not required because in the second book of Saheeh ( ash - Shahîhain ) and in addition there are also two hadeeth saheeh hadith but it is not ' Aziz was , but instead Gharib hadith ( narrated by the narrators in the course ) .
There are some circles of scholars such as ' Ali al - Jubaiy , Mu'tazila figures and al - Hakim who claim it but their opinion is contrary to the agreement of Muslims ..
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